• A few words          
  • Instruments
  • STRUCTURE
  • OVERVIEW
• Woodwinds          
  • General
    • RANGE
  • Flutes
    • Piccolo
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Concert flute
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Oboes
    • Oboe
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • TWO WORLDS OF SOUND
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • English horn
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Clarinets
    • Clarinet in B
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • MODERN CLARINETS
      • TWO FORMS
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Bass clarinet
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Bassoons
    • Bassoon
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Double bassoon
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
• Brass          
  • General
    • EARLY HISTORY
    • ACOUSTICS
    • RANGE
  • Trumpets
    • Piccolo Trumpet
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Trumpet in C
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Bass trumpet
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Horns
    • Horn in F
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE VIENNESE HORN
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Trombones
    • Tenor trombone
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Bass trombone
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Contrabass trombone
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Tubas
    • Bass tuba
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Contrabass tuba
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • SYMBOLISM
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Wagner tuba
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTCS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Cimbasso
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
• Strings          
  • General
    • RANGE
  • Violin
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
    • CONSTRUCTION
    • THE BOW
    • HISTORY
    • NOTATION
    • RANGE
    • SOUND PRODUCTION
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (LEFT HAND)
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (RIGHT HAND)
    • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
    • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • REPERTOIRE
  • Viola
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
    • HISTORY
    • NOTATION
    • RANGE
    • SOUND PRODUCTION
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (LEFT HAND)
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (RIGHT HAND)
    • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
    • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • REPERTOIRE
  • Cello
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
    • HISTORY
    • NOTATION
    • RANGE
    • SOUND PRODUCTION
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (LEFT HAND)
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (RIGHT HAND)
    • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
    • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • REPERTOIRE
  • Double bass
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
    • HISTORY
    • NOTATION
    • RANGE
    • SOUND PRODUCTION
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (LEFT HAND)
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES (RIGHT HAND)
    • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
    • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • REPERTOIRE
  • Harp
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
    • CONSTRUCTION
    • HISTORY
    • NOTATION
    • RANGE
    • SOUND PRODUCTION
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
    • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
    • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • REPERTOIRE
• Percussion
  • Timpani
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
    • HISTORY
    • TIMPANI SIZES
    • CONSTRUCTION
    • MALLETS
    • NOTATION
    • RANGE
    • SOUND PRODUCTION
    • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
    • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
    • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • REPERTOIRE
  • Drums
    • Snare drum
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • STICKS & MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Bass drum
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Tenor drum
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Tambourine
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Mallets
    • Xylophone
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Vibraphone
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Marimba
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Glockenspiel
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Celesta
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Cymbals & Metal
    • Cymbals
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • CYMBAL FAMILY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • HISTORY
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUN D CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Suspended cymbal
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • STICKS & MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Gong
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • REPERTOIRE
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
    • Tam-tam
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
  • Bells
    • Tubular bells
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • COMPARISON: BELLS - TUBULAR BELLS
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE
    • Plate bells
      • BRIEF DESCRIPTION
      • HISTORY
      • CONSTRUCTION
      • MALLETS
      • NOTATION
      • RANGE
      • SOUND PRODUCTION
      • PLAYING TECHNIQUES
      • SOUND CHARACTERISTICS
      • SOUND COMBINATIONS
      • REPERTOIRE

VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Timpani > BRIEF DESCRIPTION

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